Biotechnology

Biotechnology is one of the branches in biology studying the utilization of living organisms to produce goods or services to fulfill the needs of humanity. The organisms can be living organisms as a whole or some parts of organisms such as cell, tissue, and enzyme.Actually, the basic principle of biotechnology has been applied since thousand years ago. At that time, however, our ancestor had not recognized it as biotechnology. Biotechnology term...

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Catalytic Converter

Catalytic converter is a device that put into vehicle muffler to reduce air pollution. The device contains hexagonal ceramics (like bee nest) layering aluminium oxide and it is filled with catalytic metal like platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd) and rhodium (Rd). Exhaust gas of vehicle is passed through hot catalytic chambers so CO gas and hydrocarbon compounds are oxidized, whereas oxides of nitrogen (NOx) are reduced. Initially, catalytic converter...

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